Scientific facts about Titanium Dioxide, Chlorine Dioxide, and COVID-19

 

1. A report published by the CDC found that traces of the novel coronavirus were found in the cabins on the Diamond Princess Cruise ship up to seventeen days after passengers disembarked.

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Leah F. Moriarty, MPH1; Mateusz M. Plucinski, PhD1; Barbara J. Marston, MD1; Ekaterina V. Kurbatova, MD, PhD1; Barbara Knust, DVM1; Erin L. Murray, PhD2; Nicki Pesik, MD1; Dale Rose, PhD1; David Fitter, MD1; Miwako Kobayashi, MD, PhD1; Mitsuru Toda, PhD1; Paul T. Canty, MD1; Tara Scheuer, MPH3; Eric S. Halsey, MD1; Nicole J. Cohen, MD1; Lauren Stockman, MPH2; Debra A. Wadford, PhD2; Alexandra M. Medley, DVM1,4; Gary Green, MD5; Joanna J. Regan, MD1; Kara Tardivel, MD1; Stefanie White, MPH1; start highlightClive Brown, MD1;end highlight Christina Morales, PhD2; Cynthia Yen, MPH2; Beth Wittry, MPH1; Amy Freeland, PhD1; Sara Naramore, MPH3; Ryan T. Novak, PhD1; David Daigle, MPH1; Michelle Weinberg, MD1; Anna Acosta, MD1; Carolyn Herzig, PhD1; Bryan K Kapella, MD1; Kathleen R. Jacobson, MD2; Katherine Lamba, MPH2; Atsuyoshi Ishizumi, MPH, MSc1; John Sarisky, MPH1; Erik Svendsen, PhD1; Tricia Blocher, MS2; Christine Wu, MD3; Julia Charles, JD1; Riley Wagner, MPH1; Andrea Stewart, PhD1; Paul S. Mead, MD1; Elizabeth Kurylo, MCM1; Stefanie Campbell, DVM1; Rachel Murray, MPH1; Paul Weidle, PharmD1; Martin Cetron, MD1; Cindy R. Friedman, MD1; CDC Cruise Ship Response Team; California Department of Public Health COVID-19 Team; Solano County COVID-19 Team (View author affiliations)

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2. “Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses, meaning they are one of the easiest types of viruses to kill with the appropriate disinfectant product.”

 

Pharmacal Research Laboratories, INC. Novel Coronavirus COVID-19

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3. Chlorine Dioxide: “As a Non-Toxic Antimicrobial Agent for Virus”… “The release of CLO2 results in the oxidation of the guanine residue with the formation of 8-oxoguanine; thereby disallowing the replication of the viral nucleic acid by base pairing.  Although the replication of the protein coat may continue; the formation of a complete functional virus has been blocked by CLO2 oxidation.”

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Universal Medical Imaging Group, USA Correspondence: Robert O Young, pH Miracle Inc., 16390 Dia del Sol, Valley Center, California, 92082, USA, Tel 760 751 8321 Received: December 26, 2016 | Published: October 8, 2016Citation: Young RO (2016) Chlorine Dioxide (CLO2) As a Non-Toxic Antimicrobial Agent for Virus, Bacteria and Yeast (Candida Albicans). Int J Vaccines Vaccin 2(6): 00052. DOI: 10.15406/ijvv.2016.02.00052

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4. Chlorine dioxide: …”at 10 ppm ClO2 concentration, showed 99.99% or greater antiviral activity against feline calicivirus, human influenza virus A, measles virus, canine distemper virus, human herpesvirus-1, human herpesvirus-2, human adenovirus type 2, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parvovirus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1”

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The Open Antimicrobial Agents Journal, 2010, 2, 71-78 71 1876-5181/10 2010 Bentham Open Open Access Antiviral Effect of Chlorine Dioxide against Influenza Virus and Its Application for Infection Control

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5. Titanium dioxide: ”Photocatalytically active titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used as a self-cleaning and self disinfecting material in many applications to keep environments biologically clean [19–21]. Photocatalysis mainly uses a semiconductor such as TiO2 which can absorb UV light (k < 400 nm) and can photo-stimulate redox reactions on its surface producing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radical (·OH),”… …”We have demonstrated broad-spectrum biocide efficacy of photocatalysis against both bacteria (GPC and GNR, including drug-resistant bacteria) and viruses (enveloped and non-enveloped virus).”

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Broad Spectrum Microbicidal Activity of Photocatalysis by TiO2 Ryuichi Nakano 1,2,†, Masayuki Hara 2,†,*, Hitoshi Ishiguro 2,3, Yanyan Yao 2,3, Tsuyoshi Ochiai 2,4, Kazuya Nakata 2,4, Taketoshi Murakami 2, Jitsuo Kajioka 2, Kayano Sunada 2,5, Kazuhito Hashimoto 5,6, Akira Fujishima 2,4 and Yoshinobu Kubota 2,

 

6. Titanium dioxide: “Definition Disinfection refers to the killing or inactivation (in the case of viruses) of microorganisms. While several metals (most notably copper and silver) are noted for their antimicrobial activity by being toxic (by combining with proteins and nucleic acids), titanium dioxide is believed to be unique in that it primarily acts as a photocatalyst using UV light and is not consumed in the reaction. Titanium dioxide can be used in many formulations that exhibit antimicrobial activity against all types of microorganisms.”

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Gerba C.P. (2013) Titanium Dioxide as Disinfectant. In: Kretsinger R.H., Uversky V.N., Permyakov E.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins. Springer, New York, NY